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<text>
<title>
(1980) Andrei Sakharov:The Silencing Of Sakharov
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1980 Highlights
</history>
<link 07417>
<link 03017>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
February 4, 1980
SOVIET UNION
The Silencing of Sakharov
</hdr>
<body>
<p>For "the conscience of Russia," internal exile to a closed city
</p>
<p> Every Tuesday for the past decade, the Soviet Academy of
Sciences had dispatched an official car to pick up Physicist
Andrei Sakharov and take him to one of the academy's weekly
seminars. Last week, as his Volga sedan turned into Leninsky
Prospekt toward the imposing 19th century academy building,
uniformed militiamen halted the automobile, seized Sakharov and
hustled him to the Moscow prosecutor's office. The 1975 Nobel
Peace Prize winner was under arrest, as the Kremlin at long last
moved to silence the Soviet Union's most celebrated dissident.
</p>
<p> Deputy Chief Prosecutor Alexander Rekunkov read Sakharov a
decree issued by President Leonid Brezhnev; it stripped Sakharov
of all the honor he had been awarded as the father of the Soviet
hydrogen bomb, including three orders of Hero of Socialist
Labor, the U.S.S.R.'s highest civilian decoration. A stickler
for legality, Sakharov coolly complained that Brezhnev'
signature on the document had been typed and not handwritten.
Sakharov was told that he would be exiled to the city of Gorky
(formerly Nizhni Novgorod) for "subversive activities," and then
was allowed to phone his wife. Given two hours, Yelena Sakharov
packed up a few clothes and her ailing husband's heart medicine.
By nightfall, police had whisked the couple aboard a Tu-134
turbojet on a regularly scheduled flight to Gorky, a military
and industrial center on the Volga River, 260 miles east of
Moscow. The Sakharovs have been sent to an area that is off
limits to foreigners, and the Kremlin hopes they have been
effectively cut off from the Western world.
</p>
<p> Sakharov thus becomes the first well-known human casualty of
the cold war that has erupted between Moscow and Washington since
the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. He had dared to speak out
openly against his country's coup in Kabul. Always deeply
fearful of thermonuclear war, the physicist had called upon the
United Nations and the U.S.S.R. to arrange for the withdrawal
of Soviet Troops from Afghanistan. In a statement to foreign
journalists, Sakharov said: "The situation is so tragic,
dramatic and dangerous that we must all concentrate on how to
prevent a chain reaction that could have unpredictable
consequences for mankind in this nuclear age." After it became
evident that the Soviets had no intention of withdrawing their
troops, Sakharov urged all nations to boycott the Olympic Games
in Moscow.
</p>
<p> That was too much for the Kremlin. Sakharov's earlier
critiques of Soviet totalitarianism, and his impassioned pleas
for political prisoners in the Gulag had long enraged the Soviet
leaders. But they had been reluctant to arrest so famous a
dissident for fear of jeopardizing the advantages of detente,
including trade with the U.S. After the invasion of Afghanistan
the Washington's punitive embargoes, the Soviets felt free to
put Sakharov away. As one top State Department analyst
explained the arrest: "Moscow figured there wasn't much more
to lose because there was nothing much more we could do to
them." The Soviet action was a direct rebuke to President
Carter, who had written Sakharov a letter of personal support
in 1977. Above all, it was an unmistakable warning to
dissidents, human rights advocates and all libertarians in the
Soviet Union that detente had been halted at home, just as it
had ended abroad.
</p>
<p> In Moscow, the dwindling ranks of dissidents still at large
mourned the loss of their leader. Said Literary Scholar Lev
Kopelev: "Sakharov incarnates the conscience of Russia." There
were demonstrations in several Western capitals, where
governments expressed outrage at the treatment of Sakharov--as
did a number of Communist leaders. The White House said that
the Soviet action was "a blow to the aspiration of all mankind
to establish respect for human rights." Italy's President
Alessandro Pertini sent a cable of protest to Brezhnev. The
West German government demanded that the Sakharovs be allowed
to return to Moscow. France's president of the National
Assembly, Jacques Chaban-Delmas, cut short his official visit
to the Soviet Union and returned to Paris in indignation over
the exile. "As a guest of the Soviet authorities I cannot
interfere in internal affairs," he said. "But my own moral
principles will not allow me to remain silent."
</p>
<p> The Soviets did show a certain restraint by merely banishing
Sakharov, instead of putting him on trial. Said one State
Department official: "Being exiled to Gorky is a little like
being sent to Detroit; it ain't great but it ain't so bad."
Still, the Soviet press attacks on Sakharov suggested that he
might ultimately be charged with high treason. The government
newspaper Izvestia, for example, claimed that the physicist had
"repeatedly blurted out things that any state protects as an
important secret" to U.S. diplomats and correspondents. Some
Soviet officials, however, assured Western journalists that
Sakharov would not stand trial and might even be able to
continue his work as a scientist.
</p>
<p> Sakharov's banishment may be the signal for an intensification
of a domestic crackdown that has paralleled the hardening of
Soviet foreign policy. According to a report by Amnesty
International, the London-based human rights organization, more
than 40 Soviet dissidents have been arrested or tried in the
past three months. These have included religious leaders, Jewish
"refuseniks" and activists for the rights of such national
groups as the Ukrainians and the Lithuanians. Two weeks ago,
Father Dmitri Dudko, 57, was arrested and imprisoned in Moscow's
Lubyanka prison. As revered a figure among Russian Orthodox
Christians as Sakharov is among his secular adherents, Dudko is
an eloquent preacher whose sermons circulate widely from hand
to hand. One day after Sakharov was flown to Gorky, two
contributors to the underground magazine Poiski (Quest) were
arrested in Moscow; a third dissident, in the town of Vladimir,
was detained for questioning by police.
</p>
<p> These new victims of Soviet authoritarianism will miss Sakharov;
for more than a decade he has tirelessly called the world's
attention to oppression in his country and castigated the Soviet
regime for its aggressive policies. Still, Sakharov is not a
man to give up easily. Two days after his banishment he phoned
several friends in Moscow and issued an appeal to "all people
of good will, including sportsmen and sports lovers" to demand
the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan and to support
human rights everywhere.</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>