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- <text>
- <title>
- (1980) Andrei Sakharov:The Silencing Of Sakharov
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1980 Highlights
- </history>
- <link 07417>
- <link 03017>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- February 4, 1980
- SOVIET UNION
- The Silencing of Sakharov
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>For "the conscience of Russia," internal exile to a closed city
- </p>
- <p> Every Tuesday for the past decade, the Soviet Academy of
- Sciences had dispatched an official car to pick up Physicist
- Andrei Sakharov and take him to one of the academy's weekly
- seminars. Last week, as his Volga sedan turned into Leninsky
- Prospekt toward the imposing 19th century academy building,
- uniformed militiamen halted the automobile, seized Sakharov and
- hustled him to the Moscow prosecutor's office. The 1975 Nobel
- Peace Prize winner was under arrest, as the Kremlin at long last
- moved to silence the Soviet Union's most celebrated dissident.
- </p>
- <p> Deputy Chief Prosecutor Alexander Rekunkov read Sakharov a
- decree issued by President Leonid Brezhnev; it stripped Sakharov
- of all the honor he had been awarded as the father of the Soviet
- hydrogen bomb, including three orders of Hero of Socialist
- Labor, the U.S.S.R.'s highest civilian decoration. A stickler
- for legality, Sakharov coolly complained that Brezhnev'
- signature on the document had been typed and not handwritten.
- Sakharov was told that he would be exiled to the city of Gorky
- (formerly Nizhni Novgorod) for "subversive activities," and then
- was allowed to phone his wife. Given two hours, Yelena Sakharov
- packed up a few clothes and her ailing husband's heart medicine.
- By nightfall, police had whisked the couple aboard a Tu-134
- turbojet on a regularly scheduled flight to Gorky, a military
- and industrial center on the Volga River, 260 miles east of
- Moscow. The Sakharovs have been sent to an area that is off
- limits to foreigners, and the Kremlin hopes they have been
- effectively cut off from the Western world.
- </p>
- <p> Sakharov thus becomes the first well-known human casualty of
- the cold war that has erupted between Moscow and Washington since
- the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. He had dared to speak out
- openly against his country's coup in Kabul. Always deeply
- fearful of thermonuclear war, the physicist had called upon the
- United Nations and the U.S.S.R. to arrange for the withdrawal
- of Soviet Troops from Afghanistan. In a statement to foreign
- journalists, Sakharov said: "The situation is so tragic,
- dramatic and dangerous that we must all concentrate on how to
- prevent a chain reaction that could have unpredictable
- consequences for mankind in this nuclear age." After it became
- evident that the Soviets had no intention of withdrawing their
- troops, Sakharov urged all nations to boycott the Olympic Games
- in Moscow.
- </p>
- <p> That was too much for the Kremlin. Sakharov's earlier
- critiques of Soviet totalitarianism, and his impassioned pleas
- for political prisoners in the Gulag had long enraged the Soviet
- leaders. But they had been reluctant to arrest so famous a
- dissident for fear of jeopardizing the advantages of detente,
- including trade with the U.S. After the invasion of Afghanistan
- the Washington's punitive embargoes, the Soviets felt free to
- put Sakharov away. As one top State Department analyst
- explained the arrest: "Moscow figured there wasn't much more
- to lose because there was nothing much more we could do to
- them." The Soviet action was a direct rebuke to President
- Carter, who had written Sakharov a letter of personal support
- in 1977. Above all, it was an unmistakable warning to
- dissidents, human rights advocates and all libertarians in the
- Soviet Union that detente had been halted at home, just as it
- had ended abroad.
- </p>
- <p> In Moscow, the dwindling ranks of dissidents still at large
- mourned the loss of their leader. Said Literary Scholar Lev
- Kopelev: "Sakharov incarnates the conscience of Russia." There
- were demonstrations in several Western capitals, where
- governments expressed outrage at the treatment of Sakharov--as
- did a number of Communist leaders. The White House said that
- the Soviet action was "a blow to the aspiration of all mankind
- to establish respect for human rights." Italy's President
- Alessandro Pertini sent a cable of protest to Brezhnev. The
- West German government demanded that the Sakharovs be allowed
- to return to Moscow. France's president of the National
- Assembly, Jacques Chaban-Delmas, cut short his official visit
- to the Soviet Union and returned to Paris in indignation over
- the exile. "As a guest of the Soviet authorities I cannot
- interfere in internal affairs," he said. "But my own moral
- principles will not allow me to remain silent."
- </p>
- <p> The Soviets did show a certain restraint by merely banishing
- Sakharov, instead of putting him on trial. Said one State
- Department official: "Being exiled to Gorky is a little like
- being sent to Detroit; it ain't great but it ain't so bad."
- Still, the Soviet press attacks on Sakharov suggested that he
- might ultimately be charged with high treason. The government
- newspaper Izvestia, for example, claimed that the physicist had
- "repeatedly blurted out things that any state protects as an
- important secret" to U.S. diplomats and correspondents. Some
- Soviet officials, however, assured Western journalists that
- Sakharov would not stand trial and might even be able to
- continue his work as a scientist.
- </p>
- <p> Sakharov's banishment may be the signal for an intensification
- of a domestic crackdown that has paralleled the hardening of
- Soviet foreign policy. According to a report by Amnesty
- International, the London-based human rights organization, more
- than 40 Soviet dissidents have been arrested or tried in the
- past three months. These have included religious leaders, Jewish
- "refuseniks" and activists for the rights of such national
- groups as the Ukrainians and the Lithuanians. Two weeks ago,
- Father Dmitri Dudko, 57, was arrested and imprisoned in Moscow's
- Lubyanka prison. As revered a figure among Russian Orthodox
- Christians as Sakharov is among his secular adherents, Dudko is
- an eloquent preacher whose sermons circulate widely from hand
- to hand. One day after Sakharov was flown to Gorky, two
- contributors to the underground magazine Poiski (Quest) were
- arrested in Moscow; a third dissident, in the town of Vladimir,
- was detained for questioning by police.
- </p>
- <p> These new victims of Soviet authoritarianism will miss Sakharov;
- for more than a decade he has tirelessly called the world's
- attention to oppression in his country and castigated the Soviet
- regime for its aggressive policies. Still, Sakharov is not a
- man to give up easily. Two days after his banishment he phoned
- several friends in Moscow and issued an appeal to "all people
- of good will, including sportsmen and sports lovers" to demand
- the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan and to support
- human rights everywhere.</p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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